Presenter/panelist. "Shifting States: Sand Drains and Saltmarsh Urbanism, 1933-20XX." Panel: "Dividing Lines: The Legacy of the Interstate in the American City." Chairs: Amanda Reeser Lawrence (Northeastern University) and Lucy Maulsby (Northeastern University). Society of Architectural Historians 78th Annual International Conference, Atlanta, GA, May 2.

Paper workshop. Dissertation chapter. Early American History Working Group, Yale University, New Haven, CT, May 6.

Presenter/panelist. Paper: "Revolutions in the Grass: Little Ice Age Agricultural Adjustments and the Acceleration of the 1740's-1770's in the Middle Colonies." Panel: "Climate, Commodities, and Colonial Life." Chair: Matthew Mulcahy (Loyola University Maryland). Comment: Anya Zilberstein (Concordia University). 28th Annual Omohundro Institute of Early American History & Culture Conference, Charleston, SC, June 13.

Presenter/panelist. "How landscape architects became plastic consumers: A history." Panel: "Environmental Histories of Plastics 1: Plastic Producers." Chairs: Finn Arne Jørgensen (University of Stavenger, Norway) and Elsa Devienne (Northumbria University, UK). European Society for Environmental History Conference, Uppsala, Sweden, August 18–22.